The NEP 2020 represents a transformative initiative in Indian education, specifically targeting teacher training programs to meet the challenges and aspirations of the Amrit Kaal 2047. It serves as a beacon of hope, addressing the historical challenges faced by the Indian education system, which, for a long time, seemed stuck in a state of limbo for the 1.4 billion people residing in a country with immense potential but insufficient capacity building. The learner-centric pedagogy of the NEP stands out as a crucial driver for change. It aims to shift the focus from a rote-learning-oriented system to one that nurtures critical thinking, creativity, and a genuine passion for learning. As India positions itself for unprecedented growth over the next 25 years, leading up to the Amrit Kaal in 2047 — a hundred years since gaining independence — the success of this trajectory depends heavily on the ability of teachers to prepare students for the demands of a knowledge-based economy.
One of the noteworthy structural changes introduced by the NEP is the 5+3+3+4 education system. The emphasis on early education and placing learners at the center of pedagogical approaches reflects a commitment to addressing diverse needs and potentials, irrespective of geographical location, be it in cities or villages as envisioned for Amrit Kaal. An action plan is proposed to extend Teacher Eligibility Tests (TET) to all, including private schools.
Language diversity in India is a reality that the NEP acknowledges. The policy promotes multilingualism in teacher training, emphasizing that educators should be proficient in at least two languages, including the regional language. Integral to the NEP’s vision is the integration of the Indian Knowledge System. This inclusion serves as a guiding light for the policy, bringing education closer to the people and their communities. It recognizes the importance of traditional learning and emphasizes the value of knowledge in various domains, including mathematics, astronomy, philosophy, yoga, architecture, medicine, agriculture, engineering, linguistics, literature, sports, games, as well as in governance and conservation.
The NEP makes B. Ed. Compulsory, bringing various changes in Pre-Service Teacher Education, including integrated 4-year B.Ed., 2-year B.Ed. for applicants with existing Bachelor’s Degrees, and a one-year B.Ed. for those with equivalent qualifications. Additionally, special shorter local teacher education programs are proposed, along with shorter post-B.Ed. certification courses, including for Special Educators. All with open and distance learning (ODL) options. By exposing prospective educators to real classrooms in their local vicinities, the teacher’s can understand their own student demographic.
Recognizing the dynamic nature of both the world and education, the NEP introduces the concept of continuous professional development (CPD) in teacher training initiatives. Teaching is framed as a lifelong journey of learning, and the policy emphasizes the need for regular training programs, workshops, and opportunities for educators to stay abreast of the latest educational practices, technological advancements, and subject matter expertise. The collaborative aspect of the NEP is evident in its recommendation for cooperation between central and state governments, education boards, and teacher education institutions. Initiatives like the UGC’s Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers & Teaching exemplify both the aspects.
Technology plays a pivotal role in the envisioned Amrit Kaal, and the NEP aligns teacher training with this reality. The policy underscores the incorporation of technology into teacher training programs, advocating for the use of digital tools, online resources, and interactive platforms to enhance teaching methodologies. This forward-looking approach aims to equip educators with the skills needed to engage tech-savvy students in an era where online education has become commonplace.
Platforms like SWAYAM and DIKSHA are highlighted as key players in upskilling teachers through continuous learning programs. These platforms contribute to fostering a tech-savvy educational environment that is accessible in ODL.
The NEP expands the scope of teacher education by embracing a multidisciplinary approach. By attracting experts from various domains, including psychology, child development, linguistics, sociology, philosophy, economics, and political science, alongside specialized areas like science education, mathematics education, and language education, the policy envisions a rich and diverse teacher training environment. Pedagogy of teacher’s education is set to evolve gradually, with a focus on multidisciplinary colleges and universities by 2030. All B.Ed. programs will encompass training in pedagogical techniques, multi-level teaching, evaluation, teaching children with disabilities, use of educational technology, and learner-centred and collaborative learning.
The National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education, introduced by the NEP in 2021, is a crucial component of the policy. Developed by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCTE) under the direction of the Ministry of Education, this framework provides a structured guideline for teacher education institutions. Its commitment to regular updates every 5-10 years.
The policy recognizes scholars as educators and mandates that Ph.D. programs incorporate compulsory credit courses focused on teaching. The framework aims to elevate a career in teaching to a specialized field, with leadership and management positions receiving dedicated training.
While outlining positive growth trajectories, the NEP also addresses the need for regulation. It proposes the establishment of National Professional Standards for Teachers (NPST), which will set guidelines and benchmarks for teachers’ professional development. This includes the closure of sub-standard Teacher Education Institutes. Teacher professional development includes a merit-based tenure track system and a minimum of 50 hours of CPD. Performance assessments will consider peer reviews, attendance, commitment, CPD hours, and other forms of service to the school and the community, following either state/UT guidelines or the National Professional Standard for Teachers (NPST) developed by NCTE. The National Higher Education Regulatory Council (NHERC) will function as a single-point regulator for the higher education sector, including teacher education. As India looks forward to a century of freedom, the next 25 years are deemed crucial for propelling the country forward. The pillars of development, sustainability, and innovation are underscored as essential elements of an inclusive knowledge-based economy. The NEP’s holistic approach envisions not only imparting education but also guiding and mentoring students, emphasizing the role of teachers in shaping the future.
